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	<title>Comments on: White Supremacist Leader Arrested for Threatening Federal Judges</title>
	<atom:link href="http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/</link>
	<description>Res ipsa loquitur (&#34;The thing itself speaks&#34;)</description>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Revolution News</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-101673</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Revolution News]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Jan 2010 13:22:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-101673</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Turner was an fbi operative.

the fbi are the new nazis]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Turner was an fbi operative.</p>
<p>the fbi are the new nazis</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Ken in Tucson</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-64112</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Ken in Tucson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 16:34:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-64112</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#039;m with you guys on Marcus Aurelius (that&#039;s actually my oldest son&#039;s name).

I&#039;m not a lawyer. I&#039;m a middle school social studies teacher. As uncomfortable as Turner&#039;s speech may be, I still think it has to be protected. I belong to the camp that thinks that the proper response to such lunatics is to ridicule them publicly. You can&#039;t (and probably shouldn&#039;t try) to prevent hateful speech. That&#039;s too much power for the government to enjoy.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m with you guys on Marcus Aurelius (that&#8217;s actually my oldest son&#8217;s name).</p>
<p>I&#8217;m not a lawyer. I&#8217;m a middle school social studies teacher. As uncomfortable as Turner&#8217;s speech may be, I still think it has to be protected. I belong to the camp that thinks that the proper response to such lunatics is to ridicule them publicly. You can&#8217;t (and probably shouldn&#8217;t try) to prevent hateful speech. That&#8217;s too much power for the government to enjoy.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: mespo727272</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-64013</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mespo727272]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 04:13:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-64013</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Buddah:

I knew I liked you for some reason. Aurelius was certainly the most sagacious of the Emperors, but you know my particular admiration of Vespasian. However, your choice is seductive too.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Buddah:</p>
<p>I knew I liked you for some reason. Aurelius was certainly the most sagacious of the Emperors, but you know my particular admiration of Vespasian. However, your choice is seductive too.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Buddha Is Laughing</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-64009</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Buddha Is Laughing]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 03:03:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-64009</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[mespo,

One of my favorites is 

&quot;If anyone is able to convince me that I do not think or act right, I will gladly change, for I seek the truth by which no one was ever injured.  But he is injured who abides in his error and ignorance.&quot;

Oh so apt for some other threads here, no?

There are four books in my bathroom.

The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, The Tao Te Ching, &quot;Brain Droppings&quot; and &quot;Napalm and Silly Putty&quot; by George Carlin.  

But unlike the other three, I also carried a copy of Marcus in my car for years.  He was probably my favorite Emperor.  Quite a guy.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>mespo,</p>
<p>One of my favorites is </p>
<p>&#8220;If anyone is able to convince me that I do not think or act right, I will gladly change, for I seek the truth by which no one was ever injured.  But he is injured who abides in his error and ignorance.&#8221;</p>
<p>Oh so apt for some other threads here, no?</p>
<p>There are four books in my bathroom.</p>
<p>The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, The Tao Te Ching, &#8220;Brain Droppings&#8221; and &#8220;Napalm and Silly Putty&#8221; by George Carlin.  </p>
<p>But unlike the other three, I also carried a copy of Marcus in my car for years.  He was probably my favorite Emperor.  Quite a guy.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: rafflaw</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-64007</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[rafflaw]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 02:54:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-64007</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mike A.,
I also thank you for your review of Brandenburg.  I am usually more inclined to be closer to an absolutist when it comes to the First Amendment, but this guy is a ticking time bomb and I am more afraid of those who listen to him.  The aiding and abetting discussion might be very appropriate when discussing this homegrown terrorist&#039;s actions and words.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mike A.,<br />
I also thank you for your review of Brandenburg.  I am usually more inclined to be closer to an absolutist when it comes to the First Amendment, but this guy is a ticking time bomb and I am more afraid of those who listen to him.  The aiding and abetting discussion might be very appropriate when discussing this homegrown terrorist&#8217;s actions and words.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Former Federal LEO</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-64006</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Former Federal LEO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 02:44:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-64006</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mespo72:

&quot;A fair reading would include the actions of Hal Turner here, wouldn’t you agree?&quot;
_________________________________

Leave it up to an attorney to foster reasonable doubt.  I still say no, but...]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mespo72:</p>
<p>&#8220;A fair reading would include the actions of Hal Turner here, wouldn’t you agree?&#8221;<br />
_________________________________</p>
<p>Leave it up to an attorney to foster reasonable doubt.  I still say no, but&#8230;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: mespo727272</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-64005</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mespo727272]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 02:42:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-64005</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mike A:

As pretentious and unlikely as it may sound, I was reading Marcus Aurelius&#039; &quot;Meditations&quot; tonight and this verse from Book 4 struck my eye:

&quot;A man should always have these two rules in readiness; the one, to do only whatever the reason of the ruling and legislating faculty may suggest for the use of men; the other, to change thy opinion, if there is any one at hand who sets thee right and moves thee from any opinion. But this change of opinion must proceed only from a certain persuasion, as of what is just or of common advantage, and the like, not because it appears pleasant or brings reputation.&quot;

Like the great Roman Philosopher-King, I pay homage to your intellect and your ability to modify your opinion based on well reasoned debate. I also recommend this paramount work of Stoicism to you.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mike A:</p>
<p>As pretentious and unlikely as it may sound, I was reading Marcus Aurelius&#8217; &#8220;Meditations&#8221; tonight and this verse from Book 4 struck my eye:</p>
<p>&#8220;A man should always have these two rules in readiness; the one, to do only whatever the reason of the ruling and legislating faculty may suggest for the use of men; the other, to change thy opinion, if there is any one at hand who sets thee right and moves thee from any opinion. But this change of opinion must proceed only from a certain persuasion, as of what is just or of common advantage, and the like, not because it appears pleasant or brings reputation.&#8221;</p>
<p>Like the great Roman Philosopher-King, I pay homage to your intellect and your ability to modify your opinion based on well reasoned debate. I also recommend this paramount work of Stoicism to you.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Buddha Is Laughing</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63999</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Buddha Is Laughing]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 02:09:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63999</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mike A,

Once again our good friend FFLEO is right on.  You&#039;re an honorable man.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mike A,</p>
<p>Once again our good friend FFLEO is right on.  You&#8217;re an honorable man.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: mespo727272</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63992</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mespo727272]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 01:56:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63992</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here&#039;s a definiton of aiding and abetting a crime by veteran Richmond lawyer Ken Christman:

&quot;A criminal charge of aiding and abetting or accessory can usually be brought against anyone who helps in the commission of a crime, though legal distinctions vary by state. A person charged with aiding and abetting or accessory is usually not present when the crime itself is committed, but he or she has knowledge of the crime before or after the fact, and may assist in its commission through advice, actions, or financial support. Depending on the degree of involvement, the offender&#039;s participation in the crime may rise to the level of conspiracy.

For example, Andy draws a floor plan of a bank, knowing of Dan&#039;s intention to rob it. After Dan commits the robbery, Alice agrees to let him store the stolen money at her house. Both Andy and Alice can be charged with aiding and abetting, or acting as accessories to the robbery.&quot;

A fair reading would include the actions of Hal Turner here, wouldn&#039;t you agree?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here&#8217;s a definiton of aiding and abetting a crime by veteran Richmond lawyer Ken Christman:</p>
<p>&#8220;A criminal charge of aiding and abetting or accessory can usually be brought against anyone who helps in the commission of a crime, though legal distinctions vary by state. A person charged with aiding and abetting or accessory is usually not present when the crime itself is committed, but he or she has knowledge of the crime before or after the fact, and may assist in its commission through advice, actions, or financial support. Depending on the degree of involvement, the offender&#8217;s participation in the crime may rise to the level of conspiracy.</p>
<p>For example, Andy draws a floor plan of a bank, knowing of Dan&#8217;s intention to rob it. After Dan commits the robbery, Alice agrees to let him store the stolen money at her house. Both Andy and Alice can be charged with aiding and abetting, or acting as accessories to the robbery.&#8221;</p>
<p>A fair reading would include the actions of Hal Turner here, wouldn&#8217;t you agree?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Mike Appleton</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63954</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike Appleton]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 22:56:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63954</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Jill, Mike S., lottakatz and FFLEO, you are all very kind. It&#039;s nice to know that the ability to plow through turbid prose almost daily for many years without dropping dead from accumulated ennui is appreciated in a small corner of cyberspace.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Jill, Mike S., lottakatz and FFLEO, you are all very kind. It&#8217;s nice to know that the ability to plow through turbid prose almost daily for many years without dropping dead from accumulated ennui is appreciated in a small corner of cyberspace.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Former Federal LEO</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63919</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Former Federal LEO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 19:54:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63919</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mike Appleton, you are an honorable man.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mike Appleton, you are an honorable man.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: lottakatz</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63899</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[lottakatz]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 18:41:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63899</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Even actions can and should be protected IMO- I can find out where some political &#039;enemy&#039; lives after calling for him/her to be hung for treason and show up on the sidewalk with a sign, and like minded people, to protest the politicians actions. Considering the treatment of some &#039;pro-life&#039; groups, I can announce my demonstration in the form of a wanted poster, so long as I don&#039;t announce it as a lynch party and for the purpose of actually killing the focus of my ire.

Actually, if the proper disclaimers were contained therein, it could very probably be announced as a &quot;lynch party&quot;, a self-help exercise to demonstrate justice in keeping with American tradition in the absence of the state taking appropriate action to bring a miscreant politician to trial. Bring your own rope to SYMBOLICALLY illustrate the point. Much like a &quot;Tea Party&quot;. 

If I walked off the public sidewalk and onto that politician&#039;s lawn though I&#039;d expect to spend a night in jail for trespassing. If I did it every day and tried to get to his front door I&#039;d expect a trespassing charge, surveillance and who knows what other statutes applied to my actions for the purpose of prosecution.

I think one of the problems is that laws at hand aren&#039;t used properly or are selectively used. The Tiller murderer was reported to the FBI several time shortly before he killed Dr. Tiller for vandalizing Dr. Tiller&#039;s clinic (right up to the previous day as I recall) and the FBI did nothing. We naturally want another law to take care of the problem but what we need is dis-interested enforcement of the laws we have already. This paragraph is just a vagrant thought and not an attempt to turn the thread in a different direction.

Thanks Mike for the synopsis of the Brandenburg v. Ohio decision. I too appreciate your posting it.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Even actions can and should be protected IMO- I can find out where some political &#8216;enemy&#8217; lives after calling for him/her to be hung for treason and show up on the sidewalk with a sign, and like minded people, to protest the politicians actions. Considering the treatment of some &#8216;pro-life&#8217; groups, I can announce my demonstration in the form of a wanted poster, so long as I don&#8217;t announce it as a lynch party and for the purpose of actually killing the focus of my ire.</p>
<p>Actually, if the proper disclaimers were contained therein, it could very probably be announced as a &#8220;lynch party&#8221;, a self-help exercise to demonstrate justice in keeping with American tradition in the absence of the state taking appropriate action to bring a miscreant politician to trial. Bring your own rope to SYMBOLICALLY illustrate the point. Much like a &#8220;Tea Party&#8221;. </p>
<p>If I walked off the public sidewalk and onto that politician&#8217;s lawn though I&#8217;d expect to spend a night in jail for trespassing. If I did it every day and tried to get to his front door I&#8217;d expect a trespassing charge, surveillance and who knows what other statutes applied to my actions for the purpose of prosecution.</p>
<p>I think one of the problems is that laws at hand aren&#8217;t used properly or are selectively used. The Tiller murderer was reported to the FBI several time shortly before he killed Dr. Tiller for vandalizing Dr. Tiller&#8217;s clinic (right up to the previous day as I recall) and the FBI did nothing. We naturally want another law to take care of the problem but what we need is dis-interested enforcement of the laws we have already. This paragraph is just a vagrant thought and not an attempt to turn the thread in a different direction.</p>
<p>Thanks Mike for the synopsis of the Brandenburg v. Ohio decision. I too appreciate your posting it.</p>
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		<title>By: Jill</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63897</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jill]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 18:39:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63897</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Gila,

We share the same concerns and I had meant to say I also was glad you joined in the discussion.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gila,</p>
<p>We share the same concerns and I had meant to say I also was glad you joined in the discussion.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Gila Rayberg</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63877</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gila Rayberg]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 17:26:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63877</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[“Every idea is an incitement.”  Indeed.

Jill, another good question.  Where is that line drawn?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>“Every idea is an incitement.”  Indeed.</p>
<p>Jill, another good question.  Where is that line drawn?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Mike Spindell</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63875</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike Spindell]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 17:22:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63875</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I tend to agree with JT, et al, that Turner&#039;s reprehensible actions have not risen to the level where prosecution is called for. However, what if someone actually acts on this and attempts violence on one of these judges? Is Turner then an accessory to the crime, or is he culpable under conspiracy laws?

Mike A.,
  While you even backed down on the conclusions of your initial post, your provision of context was as usual concise
and right on target. You always provide a clarity of vision and
fairness in your writing that makes it a pleasure to read you.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I tend to agree with JT, et al, that Turner&#8217;s reprehensible actions have not risen to the level where prosecution is called for. However, what if someone actually acts on this and attempts violence on one of these judges? Is Turner then an accessory to the crime, or is he culpable under conspiracy laws?</p>
<p>Mike A.,<br />
  While you even backed down on the conclusions of your initial post, your provision of context was as usual concise<br />
and right on target. You always provide a clarity of vision and<br />
fairness in your writing that makes it a pleasure to read you.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Jill</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63867</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jill]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 17:04:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63867</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks for what you wrote and wading through the legal opinion, Mike A.,

Do you think it is also unlawful to surveil to him?  I thought about that after my comment and wondered about it.  Does he deserve to be surveilled?  Our govt. has surveilled peaceful protestors as well as those who advocate violence.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for what you wrote and wading through the legal opinion, Mike A.,</p>
<p>Do you think it is also unlawful to surveil to him?  I thought about that after my comment and wondered about it.  Does he deserve to be surveilled?  Our govt. has surveilled peaceful protestors as well as those who advocate violence.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Mike Appleton</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63862</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike Appleton]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:54:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63862</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes my annoyance with the hate-filled rantings of the right, which have been incessant since the election of Pres. Obama, cause me to forget my constitutional bearings (after all, don&#039;t we all sometimes want to squelch what some idiot has to say?) and my First Amendment heroes. In any event, as soon as I posted the comment, I realized that my response is a perfect example of why we need the First Amendment. Mr. Turner crossed MY line, but not the Constitution&#039;s.

As an act of penance I have re-read Brandenburg v. Ohio. It is actually a very short, succinct and unanimous opinion. Brandenburg reversed the conviction of a Ku Klux Klan member under Ohio&#039;s criminal syndicalism statute, which prohibited advocating violence or criminal acts in the furtherance of political or industrial reform. The statute was unconstitutional because it criminalized mere advocacy. The test announced by the court is two-pronged: a. the speech must be &quot;directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action,&quot; and b. must be &quot;likely to incite or produce such action.&quot; The statements of Mr. Turner do not satisfy either prong of this test.

As someone who is close to being a First Amendment absolutist, I am actually more comfortable with the concurring opinion of Justice Douglas in Brandenburg. He expressed discomfort with both the old &quot;clear and present danger&quot; test and the Brandenburg version of it, insisting that the only true protection for unpopular advocacy under the First Amendment is to recognize a distinction between advocacy and action, between speech and actual criminality. In my opinion, the advantage of this view is that it provides clarity and imposes an additional safeguard against the natural human tendency to find imminency during periods of civil unrest or political controversy, that is, during times in which fear is most likely to influence judgment in favor of suppression. Our history is riddled with those instances.

In sum, I think Mr. Turner&#039;s statements and postings are protected. Had he added, &quot;Meet me and other like-minded individuals at the courthouse at noon today and we will storm the chambers and show these judges what we think of them,&quot; the line would have been crossed. Had he added, &quot;I have scheduled a meeting tonight where we will map out a plan for eliminating these judges,&quot; the line would probably have been crossed. But, at least according to the report, he stopped short of taking or announcing any overt action in furtherance of his professed beliefs.

The Brandenburg opinion also cites a wonderful reminder from Oliver Wendell Holmes on the purpose of free speech: &quot;Every idea is an incitement. It offers itself for belief and if believed it is acted on unless some other belief outweighs it or some failure of energy stifles the movement at its birth. The only difference between the expression of an opinion and an incitement in the narrower sense is the speaker&#039;s enthusiasm for the result.&quot;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sometimes my annoyance with the hate-filled rantings of the right, which have been incessant since the election of Pres. Obama, cause me to forget my constitutional bearings (after all, don&#8217;t we all sometimes want to squelch what some idiot has to say?) and my First Amendment heroes. In any event, as soon as I posted the comment, I realized that my response is a perfect example of why we need the First Amendment. Mr. Turner crossed MY line, but not the Constitution&#8217;s.</p>
<p>As an act of penance I have re-read Brandenburg v. Ohio. It is actually a very short, succinct and unanimous opinion. Brandenburg reversed the conviction of a Ku Klux Klan member under Ohio&#8217;s criminal syndicalism statute, which prohibited advocating violence or criminal acts in the furtherance of political or industrial reform. The statute was unconstitutional because it criminalized mere advocacy. The test announced by the court is two-pronged: a. the speech must be &#8220;directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action,&#8221; and b. must be &#8220;likely to incite or produce such action.&#8221; The statements of Mr. Turner do not satisfy either prong of this test.</p>
<p>As someone who is close to being a First Amendment absolutist, I am actually more comfortable with the concurring opinion of Justice Douglas in Brandenburg. He expressed discomfort with both the old &#8220;clear and present danger&#8221; test and the Brandenburg version of it, insisting that the only true protection for unpopular advocacy under the First Amendment is to recognize a distinction between advocacy and action, between speech and actual criminality. In my opinion, the advantage of this view is that it provides clarity and imposes an additional safeguard against the natural human tendency to find imminency during periods of civil unrest or political controversy, that is, during times in which fear is most likely to influence judgment in favor of suppression. Our history is riddled with those instances.</p>
<p>In sum, I think Mr. Turner&#8217;s statements and postings are protected. Had he added, &#8220;Meet me and other like-minded individuals at the courthouse at noon today and we will storm the chambers and show these judges what we think of them,&#8221; the line would have been crossed. Had he added, &#8220;I have scheduled a meeting tonight where we will map out a plan for eliminating these judges,&#8221; the line would probably have been crossed. But, at least according to the report, he stopped short of taking or announcing any overt action in furtherance of his professed beliefs.</p>
<p>The Brandenburg opinion also cites a wonderful reminder from Oliver Wendell Holmes on the purpose of free speech: &#8220;Every idea is an incitement. It offers itself for belief and if believed it is acted on unless some other belief outweighs it or some failure of energy stifles the movement at its birth. The only difference between the expression of an opinion and an incitement in the narrower sense is the speaker&#8217;s enthusiasm for the result.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Former Federal LEO</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63858</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Former Federal LEO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:19:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63858</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Gila Rayberg,

Welcome, I am pleased to have you join our discussion.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gila Rayberg,</p>
<p>Welcome, I am pleased to have you join our discussion.</p>
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		<title>By: Former Federal LEO</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63857</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Former Federal LEO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:14:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63857</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mr. O&#039;Reily and Mr. Limbaugh et al. have a far wider audience than Mr. Turner and they are at least equally &quot;culpable.&quot;  Up until 3.5 years ago, I listened to both men to gain a wider perspective.  Although I am a conservative Republican, I cannot bear to listen to either man except during an occasional video view on HuffPo and other sites when they do/say something especially outrageous.

Remember that with Dr. Tiller&#039;s murderer, he not only spoke out he violated the FACE Act and broke other laws and was not arrested, although he clearly trespassed on the clinic property and glued doors shut, etc.

Mr. Turner, to my knowledge, has not even come close to the *actions*--not just speech—the other man took before he killed Dr. Tiller.

Let O’Reily Limbaugh, Turner et al. spout there hate because it continues to expose them.  However, only arrest them for their actions or verifiable conspiracy plots of murder and/or other applicable crimes.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr. O&#8217;Reily and Mr. Limbaugh et al. have a far wider audience than Mr. Turner and they are at least equally &#8220;culpable.&#8221;  Up until 3.5 years ago, I listened to both men to gain a wider perspective.  Although I am a conservative Republican, I cannot bear to listen to either man except during an occasional video view on HuffPo and other sites when they do/say something especially outrageous.</p>
<p>Remember that with Dr. Tiller&#8217;s murderer, he not only spoke out he violated the FACE Act and broke other laws and was not arrested, although he clearly trespassed on the clinic property and glued doors shut, etc.</p>
<p>Mr. Turner, to my knowledge, has not even come close to the *actions*&#8211;not just speech—the other man took before he killed Dr. Tiller.</p>
<p>Let O’Reily Limbaugh, Turner et al. spout there hate because it continues to expose them.  However, only arrest them for their actions or verifiable conspiracy plots of murder and/or other applicable crimes.</p>
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		<title>By: Gila Rayberg</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63849</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gila Rayberg]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 15:29:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63849</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What Turner &amp; others like him espouse is sickening &amp; scary.  But so too, is arresting people that have not actually broken the law.  

I&#039;m reading your responses with great interest on this one.  I&#039;m torn as to where we draw the line.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What Turner &amp; others like him espouse is sickening &amp; scary.  But so too, is arresting people that have not actually broken the law.  </p>
<p>I&#8217;m reading your responses with great interest on this one.  I&#8217;m torn as to where we draw the line.</p>
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		<title>By: Buddha Is Laughing</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63844</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Buddha Is Laughing]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 15:01:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63844</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mike A.,

Sorry man.  I&#039;m falling squarely in the mespo/FFLEO/Jill camp on this one.  I think it&#039;s stupid yet protected.  If this guy was arrested, I want Bill-O arrested for aiding and abetting the murder of Dr. Tiller.  Why?  It&#039;s not because of the Free Speech issues proper.  At this point, it&#039;s a question of equal application.  If the two cases are factually similar as they seem to be (entertainers spouting stupidity), what&#039;s more heinous?  This guy being full of hot air and hyperbole that ended in what?  Nothing?  Maybe some hurt feelings or mild paranoia.  Or Bill-O&#039;s comparable rants that ended in murder?  I&#039;d really like to know why you think he should have been arrested. And do you think Bill-O should be cuffed for his role in Tiller&#039;s killing?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mike A.,</p>
<p>Sorry man.  I&#8217;m falling squarely in the mespo/FFLEO/Jill camp on this one.  I think it&#8217;s stupid yet protected.  If this guy was arrested, I want Bill-O arrested for aiding and abetting the murder of Dr. Tiller.  Why?  It&#8217;s not because of the Free Speech issues proper.  At this point, it&#8217;s a question of equal application.  If the two cases are factually similar as they seem to be (entertainers spouting stupidity), what&#8217;s more heinous?  This guy being full of hot air and hyperbole that ended in what?  Nothing?  Maybe some hurt feelings or mild paranoia.  Or Bill-O&#8217;s comparable rants that ended in murder?  I&#8217;d really like to know why you think he should have been arrested. And do you think Bill-O should be cuffed for his role in Tiller&#8217;s killing?</p>
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		<title>By: Jill</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63829</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jill]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 13:53:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63829</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[FFLEO,

&quot;Mr. Turner should have received increased, lawful surveillance and then arrested if he violated any law or became involved in an actionable conspiracy assignation plot/plan against these judges. Until that threshold, he has not crossed the line from free speech to action.&quot;

That makes sense to me but I would like to hear how Mike A. perceives that Mr. Turner crossed the line.

Mike A.

How did Mr. Turner cross the line?

I want to hear everyone out on this.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>FFLEO,</p>
<p>&#8220;Mr. Turner should have received increased, lawful surveillance and then arrested if he violated any law or became involved in an actionable conspiracy assignation plot/plan against these judges. Until that threshold, he has not crossed the line from free speech to action.&#8221;</p>
<p>That makes sense to me but I would like to hear how Mike A. perceives that Mr. Turner crossed the line.</p>
<p>Mike A.</p>
<p>How did Mr. Turner cross the line?</p>
<p>I want to hear everyone out on this.</p>
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		<title>By: Former Federal LEO</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63827</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Former Federal LEO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 13:43:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63827</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hal Turner should be publicly scorned and ostracized by reasonable people everywhere, but he should *not* have been arrested.  As Professor Turley stated previously, we want people like Turner to speak out to show up on the radar screen for potential closer police scrutiny, given the content of his speech.  

However, we do not want police actions against free speech regardless of how objectionable or irrational, in such cases.  To do so will continue to limit free speech rights when someone in power has a different view—more conservative or more liberal—than you or I might espouse.

Mr. Turner should have received increased, lawful surveillance and then arrested if he violated any law or became involved in an actionable conspiracy assignation plot/plan against these judges.  Until that threshold, he has not crossed the line from free speech to action.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hal Turner should be publicly scorned and ostracized by reasonable people everywhere, but he should *not* have been arrested.  As Professor Turley stated previously, we want people like Turner to speak out to show up on the radar screen for potential closer police scrutiny, given the content of his speech.  </p>
<p>However, we do not want police actions against free speech regardless of how objectionable or irrational, in such cases.  To do so will continue to limit free speech rights when someone in power has a different view—more conservative or more liberal—than you or I might espouse.</p>
<p>Mr. Turner should have received increased, lawful surveillance and then arrested if he violated any law or became involved in an actionable conspiracy assignation plot/plan against these judges.  Until that threshold, he has not crossed the line from free speech to action.</p>
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		<title>By: Mike Appleton</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63825</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike Appleton]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 13:30:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63825</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mr. Turner is a product of the age of the internet and talk radio. A generation ago he would have been relegated to hanging out in the woods with likeminded paranoids, drinking beer, cursing Jews and blacks and firing random rounds at imaginary enemies of the state. Then along came Rush Limbaugh, spiritual progenitor of a new class of commentators: uneducated xenophobes who deal with their private cowardice through arrogant bluster, self-righteous condemnations and hatred masked as opinion. The smart ones, like Mr. Limbaugh and Sean Hannity, make huge sums of money by cynically playing to a segment of the population that is unable to comprehend the enormous changes in the world and predisposed to believe anyone who preaches about the destruction of &quot;our way of life.&quot; They are the spiritual mentors to men like Hal Turner, providing encouragement and moral justification for those dwelling on the fringes of reality. And now that anyone can buy a microphone and start an internet radio program, the Hal Turners have come out of the woods and onto the airwaves.

Mr. Turner has now crossed the line and will properly be held accountable. And he will undoubtedly be criticized by the Limbaughs and the Hannitys as an extremist lunatic. They will of course be technically correct in denying any responsibility for Mr. Turner&#039;s actions, just as the right has denied responsibility for the murder of abortion doctors. But they are like drug dealers who aggressively market their poison, deny responsibility for the use of their products and mock the weakness of their addicted customers.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mr. Turner is a product of the age of the internet and talk radio. A generation ago he would have been relegated to hanging out in the woods with likeminded paranoids, drinking beer, cursing Jews and blacks and firing random rounds at imaginary enemies of the state. Then along came Rush Limbaugh, spiritual progenitor of a new class of commentators: uneducated xenophobes who deal with their private cowardice through arrogant bluster, self-righteous condemnations and hatred masked as opinion. The smart ones, like Mr. Limbaugh and Sean Hannity, make huge sums of money by cynically playing to a segment of the population that is unable to comprehend the enormous changes in the world and predisposed to believe anyone who preaches about the destruction of &#8220;our way of life.&#8221; They are the spiritual mentors to men like Hal Turner, providing encouragement and moral justification for those dwelling on the fringes of reality. And now that anyone can buy a microphone and start an internet radio program, the Hal Turners have come out of the woods and onto the airwaves.</p>
<p>Mr. Turner has now crossed the line and will properly be held accountable. And he will undoubtedly be criticized by the Limbaughs and the Hannitys as an extremist lunatic. They will of course be technically correct in denying any responsibility for Mr. Turner&#8217;s actions, just as the right has denied responsibility for the murder of abortion doctors. But they are like drug dealers who aggressively market their poison, deny responsibility for the use of their products and mock the weakness of their addicted customers.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymously Yours</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63813</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Anonymously Yours]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:50:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63813</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[rafflaw and mespo,

I agree that this &quot;speech&quot; must be take serious. I have no problem with that. But is not the speech still protected? He may have crossed the line of moral decency. But would I want to start Anticipatory Arresting people who call to arms?

What about the North Koreans living in America today? Should they all be arrested and detained because of Kim&#039;s action of aggression against the US? Should only Korean Nationals who reside within the US Borders be detained?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>rafflaw and mespo,</p>
<p>I agree that this &#8220;speech&#8221; must be take serious. I have no problem with that. But is not the speech still protected? He may have crossed the line of moral decency. But would I want to start Anticipatory Arresting people who call to arms?</p>
<p>What about the North Koreans living in America today? Should they all be arrested and detained because of Kim&#8217;s action of aggression against the US? Should only Korean Nationals who reside within the US Borders be detained?</p>
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		<title>By: Jill</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63812</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jill]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:45:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63812</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Something to watch out for.  There&#039;s a lot of hyping right now about right wing extremists.  It reminds me of the bush years hyping of left wing extremists.  It makes me nervous.  Governments always need &quot;enemies&quot; to distract from their own misdeeds.

After this story on NPR, the report went on to a new topic-- another wealthy financier being brought up on charges for a ponzi scheme.  I found the juxtaposition of how the stories were covered, interesting.  We really do have quite a few &quot;white collar crime scenes&quot; going on right now, to include those in our govt. (as the info. on the Fed and Bank of America, to name one example of thousands, will show).  

What this man did is scary and there is an organized movement behind him.  But the white collar criminals, many of whom work at the highest level of our govt., are quite dangerous and I am struck at the difference in how their actions are perceived.  

Jonathna, I don&#039;t know if death threats coupled with tracking of movements should be tolerated as free speech.  The two things together seem to me to fall into the category of action, not speech. Judges should be able to work without fear of being killed.  I am all for loud and strong protest at the homes of anyone, but I think there is an additional consideration when death threats are added to the equation.  I am thinking about what you wrote, and I&#039;m going to take seriously what you and others with a differnt point of view on this say, but as of now, I think he did cross a line into action.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Something to watch out for.  There&#8217;s a lot of hyping right now about right wing extremists.  It reminds me of the bush years hyping of left wing extremists.  It makes me nervous.  Governments always need &#8220;enemies&#8221; to distract from their own misdeeds.</p>
<p>After this story on NPR, the report went on to a new topic&#8211; another wealthy financier being brought up on charges for a ponzi scheme.  I found the juxtaposition of how the stories were covered, interesting.  We really do have quite a few &#8220;white collar crime scenes&#8221; going on right now, to include those in our govt. (as the info. on the Fed and Bank of America, to name one example of thousands, will show).  </p>
<p>What this man did is scary and there is an organized movement behind him.  But the white collar criminals, many of whom work at the highest level of our govt., are quite dangerous and I am struck at the difference in how their actions are perceived.  </p>
<p>Jonathna, I don&#8217;t know if death threats coupled with tracking of movements should be tolerated as free speech.  The two things together seem to me to fall into the category of action, not speech. Judges should be able to work without fear of being killed.  I am all for loud and strong protest at the homes of anyone, but I think there is an additional consideration when death threats are added to the equation.  I am thinking about what you wrote, and I&#8217;m going to take seriously what you and others with a differnt point of view on this say, but as of now, I think he did cross a line into action.</p>
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		<title>By: rafflaw</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63809</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[rafflaw]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 11:23:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63809</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This idiot got what he deserved.  In light of the radical right&#039;s recent call to arms, this threat must be taken seriously.  He has the right to say just about anything, but calling for the murder of public officials is beyond the protection of the first amendment.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This idiot got what he deserved.  In light of the radical right&#8217;s recent call to arms, this threat must be taken seriously.  He has the right to say just about anything, but calling for the murder of public officials is beyond the protection of the first amendment.</p>
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		<title>By: mespo727272</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63808</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[mespo727272]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 10:58:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63808</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here&#039;s a wonderful example of stupid, perverse, and irrational ideas being put into action. Maybe if our Nazi friend had been subjected to some public scorn early in life over these ideas, he&#039;d be more restrained but alas he lives in a tolerant time. I see no free speech right to call for the death of another or to provide the means of effectuating that sentiment.  As has been said many times, the Bill of Rights is not a suicide pact, nor, in my estimation, a shield for murderous intent. Turner&#039;s words are  a concrete offer for a hit, and if accepted he should be held accountable as an aider and abettor. But in the meantime, a charge of threatening the lives of federal judges is fine by me.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here&#8217;s a wonderful example of stupid, perverse, and irrational ideas being put into action. Maybe if our Nazi friend had been subjected to some public scorn early in life over these ideas, he&#8217;d be more restrained but alas he lives in a tolerant time. I see no free speech right to call for the death of another or to provide the means of effectuating that sentiment.  As has been said many times, the Bill of Rights is not a suicide pact, nor, in my estimation, a shield for murderous intent. Turner&#8217;s words are  a concrete offer for a hit, and if accepted he should be held accountable as an aider and abettor. But in the meantime, a charge of threatening the lives of federal judges is fine by me.</p>
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		<title>By: Vince Treacy</title>
		<link>http://jonathanturley.org/2009/06/25/white-supremacist-leader-arrested-for-threatening-federal-judges/#comment-63807</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Vince Treacy]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 10:48:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://jonathanturley.org/?p=12143#comment-63807</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Well, there is freedom of speech in the Constitution, but there are limitations.  Posner himself has already that book on imminent threats.

The title?

Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, there is freedom of speech in the Constitution, but there are limitations.  Posner himself has already that book on imminent threats.</p>
<p>The title?</p>
<p>Not a Suicide Pact: The Constitution in a Time of National Emergency</p>
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