It is rare for a college student to trigger a national debate with an opinion column in a student newspaper but, to his credit, Oliver Friedfeld, has done precisely that. Friedfeld wrote an op-ed in the Hoya after he was mugged at gunpoint and defended the black youths who robbed him at gunpoint — a column entitled “I Was Mugged, And I Understand Why” that is drawing praise and ridicule across the country.
The senior explained in the column that
“Last weekend, my housemate and I were mugged at gunpoint while walking home from Dupont Circle. The entire incident lasted under a minute, as I was forced to the floor, handed over my phone and was patted down. And yet, when a reporter asked whether I was surprised that this happened in Georgetown, I immediately answered: ‘Not at all.’ It was so clear to me that we live in the most privileged neighborhood within a city [Washington, D.C.] that has historically been, and continues to be, harshly unequal.
The fact that these two kids, who appeared younger than I, have even had to entertain these questions suggests their universes are light years away from mine.”
Friedfeld appears to argue that it is he — and people like him — who have the most explaining to do: “Who am I to stand from my perch of privilege, surrounded by million-dollar homes and paying for a $60,000 education, to condemn these young men as ‘thugs?’ It’s precisely this kind of ‘otherization’ that fuels the problem.”
It is a thought-provoking piece but one with which I have to disagree. I am not sure what value “otherization” has a social theory, but I disagree that “it’s a lot easier for me to choose good than it may be for them.” This was a crime of violence in a city being ravaged by such violence. Indeed, most such crimes occur in improvised neighborhoods. There is a choice that is made for most people before they reach for a gun and victimize others. Friedfeld insists that this is the price that must be paid for our failure as a society:
As young people, we need to devote real energy to solving what are collective challenges. Until we do so, we should get comfortable with sporadic muggings and break-ins. I can hardly blame them. The cards are all in our hands, and we’re not playing them.
While I commend Friedfeld for writing about his views, I find the sentiments expressed to be more moral relativism that has taken hold of our society. Many families in this country faced terrible poverty but did not turn to violent crime. They made a difficult choice that stayed faithful to the most basic tenets of a moral life. To relieve these men of moral responsibility for their act is to discard any notion of personal responsibility and choice.
I strongly condemn those who are attacking Friedfeld. He offers a personal and genuine view of the relative differences between his privileged life and the life of these muggers. Where I disagree with him is not that comparison, but his conclusion. I can see why Friedfeld does not feel victimized (particularly since he was not shot in the encounter), but that does not make these men any less of criminals. In other words, the wealth differential has more relevance to defining his level of victimization than it does excusing their level of criminalization.
Regardless of the merits, Friedfeld certainly produced something positive from the experience in triggering this national debate. While I disagree with him, the column is an effort by a college student to draw meaning out of such an experience.
I think that the unreality of this Administration has turned everyone involved with their social networking devices into a reality Youtube, Vine and TV show if they hit the big time. What an opportunity for thematic bs
leejcarroll: “How was saying Bin Laden did not interest him and not going after him square with destroying terrorist networks.?”
That’s an odd interpretation.
Obama NSA advisor, Tom Donilon (Meet the Press, 08MAY11):
Bush’s point was that bin Laden’s personal effective threat viz AQ had been reduced. The first goal of Operation Enduring Freedom was to take away bin Laden’s AQ operational base in Afghanistan and degrade AQ as an effective global threat. At that point, the goal had been achieved.
To wit, David Schanzer, Director of the Triangle Center of Terrorism and Homeland Security at Duke University’s Sanford School of Public Policy, April 2013:
news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130420-homegrown-terrorism-tsarnaev-brothers-boston-marathon-bombings-islam-radicalism/
However, that does not mean the manhunt for bin Laden and other individual terrorists was ended when we dislodged AQ from Afghanistan.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/al-qaeda-couriers-provided-the-trail-that-led-to-bin-laden/2011/05/02/AFNSH5ZF_story.html
More from McLaughlin on the Bush-Obama admins-spanning hunt for bin Laden:
http://www.npr.org/2011/05/07/136084843/mission-accomplished-for-cias-special-bin-laden-unit
leejcarroll:
I don’t understand why you’re still guessing at the reasons for OIF. I cited and even linked them for you a while ago: have you not read yet the primary sources for the law and policy, fact basis of Operation Iraqi Freedom?
That said, the assassination attempt is included in PL 107-243. Saddam’s attempt to assassinate the former US President in 1993 contributed to Iraqi regime change being made a US mandate – by the sitting US President in 1993.
Excerpt from the Clinton White House summary on Iraq:
leejcarroll:
If you must insist, regardless of the facts, that we were lied to war and must blame a President, then blame Clinton. If Bush’s case against Saddam had been a school assignment, he would have failed for plagiarism – Bush’s case against Saddam was really Clinton’s case against Saddam. After all, the Saddam problem didn’t reboot when Clinton handed it to Bush.
President Clinton, 1998:
President Clinton, 2004:
The fact is, though, we were not lied into war with Iraq by either President. The Gulf War ceasefire enforcement was compliance-based and Saddam was noncompliant.
Excerpt from http://learning-curve.blogspot.com/2014/05/operation-iraqi-freedom-faq.html :
[President Clinton announcing Operation Desert Fox, 1998:]
…
Two, it is undisputed that Iraq was noncompliant at the decision point for Operation Iraqi Freedom. The compliance standard for Iraq was set by UNSC resolution (see, at minimum, UNSCRs 687, 688, and 1441) and enforced by the US President under US law (see, at minimum, P.L. 105-235 and P.L. 107-243).
On September 12, 2002, President Bush pledged to the UN General Assembly that the Gulf War ceasefire UNSC resolutions would be enforced:
On October 16, 2002, Public Law 107-243 affirmed “that it is in the national security interests of the United States and in furtherance of the war on terrorism that all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions be enforced”:
On November 8, 2002, UNSCR 1441 “determined to secure Iraq’s full compliance with its [UNSC] decisions”:
…
Pursuant to UNSCR 688 and related resolutions, numerous observers documented Saddam’s “systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law by the Government of Iraq, resulting in an all-pervasive repression and oppression sustained by broad-based discrimination and widespread terror” (UN Commission on Human Rights).
Pursuant to UNSCR 687 and related resolutions, UNMOVIC reports throughout the UNSCR 1441 inspection period made clear Iraq had failed to sufficiently account for proscribed weapons, including stocks, and cooperate to the mandated standard along with other violations.
On March 7, 2003, the UNSCR 1441 inspection period concluded when UNMOVIC presented the 173-page Cluster Document to the UN Security Council with findings of “about 100 unresolved disarmament issues” (Cluster Document):
The UNMOVIC Cluster Document confirmed “Iraq has been and remains in material breach of its obligations under relevant resolutions, including resolution 687” (UNSCR 1441) and triggered OIF in March 2003 in the same way that the UNSCOM Butler Report confirmed Iraq’s material breach and triggered Operation Desert Fox in December 1998.
Three, albeit irrelevant to the enforcement procedure at the decision point for OIF, the post-war findings in the Iraq Survey Group’s Duelfer Report corroborated the confirmation by UNMOVIC that “Iraq has been and remains in material breach of its obligations under relevant resolutions, including resolution 687” (UNSCR 1441). Among Iraq’s violations, the ISG found “a large covert procurement program”, “undeclared covert laboratories”, “clear evidence of [Saddam’s] intent to resume WMD”, “preserved capability”, “Saddam clearly intended to reconstitute long-range delivery systems and that the systems potentially were for WMD”, and “denial and deception operations” (Duelfer Report).
@happypappies
Oh, it was nobody in particular. Some people think that people with notions adverse to their own, must still have the same mind set, and if only they can convince them of the error of their ways. . .
But sometimes, people are just plain rotten. I doubt Friedfeld’s mugger sat down and considered the economic imbalances inherent in society, and thus turned to a life of crime. More likely, the mugger was the lazy thuggish sort, and found robbery much easier work than going to some job and working 8 hours a day. And thus the “life of crime” mindset is itself the reason for the resulting inequality, and not the case that inequality led to a life of crime.
Squeeky Fromm
Girl Reporter
Squeeky – that is a character in a quartet of novels that the author – a famous one who wrote The Last Picture Show and Terms of Endearment created – just as I think was created by this young man. I don’t believe his story. I think he knew these guys. Bought them a drirk or a dinner or something and did something along the lines of the Veteran Fake out. You see, everything is a reality show today. So much so that people have forgotten what reality is imo. I am very good at spotting a bs story as in I have a great bs detector. Nothing gets past me anymore. Just think of that ridiculous sappy line he puked out. Come on. Be real. This did not happen. It’s a set up. He is a budding politician and he has everyone going so he must be a Democrat. lmao.
Actually, I wrote a poem last year about robberies and class distinctions. . .
An UR-Rational Number
A Poetic Koan by Squeeky Fromm
“Your actions are not rational!”
The Libertarian said.
“You’re demanding all my money.
With a gun held to my head.”
“But your epistemology
Is filled with contradiction.
And Tort-wise, have you heard the phrase,
“Intentional infliction???”
“Let’s look at this objectively,
For I’m certain you’ll agree.
Initiating the use of force
Makes no sense rationally.”
The Robber thought for just a bit,
Then, made a brief reply,
“My pistol-mology says this,
“You can cough it up or die!”
“I hope that you are rational.
I did not come to kill.
The Bible says that that’s a sin.
I don’t want to, but I will!”
The Libertarian just sighed,
And smirked in tone, ironic,
“Dude, there is no Higher Power,”
To think so is moronic!”
“Really, your belief in a God,
And Commandments carved in stone,
Just proves you are illogical,
And can’t think on your own!”
The Robber thought for just a skosh,
Then. . . BANG BANG his pistol went.
There lay the Libertarian.
But . . . he won the argument!
Squeeky Fromm
Girl Reporter
Squeeky – was his name Jim Snow like the Sin Killer guy in Larry McMurtry’s book series The Sin Killer – I commented on this earlier when someone called Oliver a Sin Eater. Yeah, we need these kinds of peoples for sure because they are right and they won the argument. They killed it 🙂
Reminds me of someone lolol
Anyway, that is very clever. Enter it in a box top contest or something 🙂
Oliver Friedfeld is trying to tell you all something, but you are not listening. Not hearing, Not thinking. Or something. Even Jonathan Turley, as smart as he is.
Oliver, I don’t think we are going to get anywhere with these folks. America is pretty hopeless.
Oliver, I don’t think we are going to get anywhere with these folks. America is pretty hopeless.
Ben Hyatt
Try me
To Ben: You sound like a sophont
It sounds like this guy thinks that the poor can’t live up to the same standards of behavior as the rest of society.
I recall my father saying that whenever he passed through Polish poor neighborhoods in DC years ago, he saw women out at the crack of dawn every day, scrubbing their stoops. The families were poor, but proud, and their homes were meticulously clean. Being poor does not mean that you cannot control your impulses or follow the law.
Excusing violent crime perpetuates violent crime.
I wonder if he would have had the same opinions if he or his friend had been injured. That it was all okay due to income inequality, which by definition must have been entirely outside the realm of control of the muggers. Because surely they paid attention in class, studied hard, earned a scholarship to college or a trade school, and did their best with every opportunity they had.
Does this guy think that poor people are not required to have values, morals, or ethics? Because that’s what it sounds like. The poor are expected to steal. How offensive. I’ve been poor and struggled, and I would be shamed beyond bearing if I had mugged someone at gunpoint. Facing my parents’ disappointment would have been worse than jail time. Why didn’t these two muggers feel the same?
And, in discussing the threat posed by Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, Bush said: “After all, this is the guy who tried to kill my dad.” Yes that’s a good reason to go to war. http://edition.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/09/27/bush.war.talk/
and this: http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=90764&page=1&singlePage=true
“Bush has stocked his administration with senior officials who have for years supported the United States toppling Saddam, including Vice President Dick Cheney, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz, and others.
These officials have expressed their views in no uncertain terms. “Saddam Hussein is a liar. He lies every single day,” Rumsfeld said.
A Personal Vendetta?
Some Americans have wondered whether the president’s determination to take on Saddam is a personal obsession — one born in the aftermath of the Gulf War his father launched, when Saddam was left in power.
And last fall, in Texas, this president seemed to confirm the personal nature of this conflict.
“There’s no doubt his hatred is mainly directed at us,” Bush said. “There’s no doubt he can’t stand us. After all, this is a guy that tried to kill my dad at one time.
To all these criticisms, however, the president has always had one response: The threat he believes Saddam’s Iraq poses must be confronted — now.
In October, Bush spoke resolutely on Iraq. “The course of action may bring many sacrifices. Yet delay, indecision and inaction could lead to a massive and sudden horror. By timely and resolute action, we can defend ourselves and shape a peaceful future,” the president said.
And Bin Laden and Al Queda brought us Isis. Bush wanted to topple Hussein regardless . Bin Laden was behind the attack on 9/11 and Bush knew it but cared more about his hawkish buds then going after the perpetrators of 9/11 which he said was behind going after Hussein,.(Also helped to fill Cheney’s pockets with the millions made by Halliburton.
Wow! I just found a picture of Mr. Friedfeld prior to the mugging! Oh, is this ever a scoop!
https://birtherthinktank.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/mugme.png
Squeeky Fromm
Girl Reporter
Eric – that is very historically interesting – please tell me where in George W Bush’s records that he was not going to let Maliki and his government go. I want to see it in writing. Because I have made a science out of this and over and over and over again I come up with that in the end George was going to let him go and that is why Barack did. Now that time has passed you see all kinds of articles like this
http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/380508/no-us-troops-didnt-have-leave-iraq-patrick-brennan
Fascinating.
Let me be clear that I think it was a mistake to let the Government go now that we were there, but Americans have such a way about them that does not ingratiate them with the people they are among. Not all of them of course, its the double crossing of the higher ups and their callousness. I know all about it. My husband was a Navy Seal in Vietnam and he is in the Veterans home now.
I happen to know how much we have done for these people agriculturally being in the SE Missouri area next to SEMO which really helped them out. Most people know nothing about this. They wouldn’t like it anyway and would consider it a cost above and beyond as it was humanitarian out of the USA. Liberals don’t like that.
My opinion about Fairfield is the same as LTMG He is a Sin Eater or kind of a Sin Killer like in Larry McMurtry’s books’ Jim Snow-the Mountain Man preacher that would preach the sin out of people and when he did he would kill them. Well, this kid is gonna eat their souls up with this puerile brand of crap as you well know. As far as I am concerned, it never even happened. They were his friends and it was all a set up using the civil rights activism right now as a platform to advance his agenda 🙂
happypappies – it is unfair to ask for Bush’s records from Eric since it will be many years before it will come out, if it ever does. There is still stuff that is classied top secret from Pearl Harbor. For all I know there may be stuff classified from the Civil War. 😉
Oh, ok Eric I mean Paul C. Schulte 🙂
said ==> Squeeky Fromm, Girl Reporter
“”Actually, I wrote a poem last year about robberies and class distinctions. . .
An UR-Rational Number
A Poetic Koan by Squeeky Fromm
“Your actions are not rational!”
The Libertarian said.
“You’re demanding all my money.
With a gun held to my head.”
“But your epistemology
Is filled with contradiction.
And Tort-wise, have you heard the phrase,
“Intentional infliction???”
“Let’s look at this objectively,
For I’m certain you’ll agree.
Initiating the use of force
Makes no sense rationally.”
The Robber thought for just a bit,
Then, made a brief reply,
“My pistol-mology says this,
“You can cough it up or die!”
“I hope that you are rational.
I did not come to kill.
The Bible says that that’s a sin.
I don’t want to, but I will!”
The Libertarian just sighed,
And smirked in tone, ironic,
“Dude, there is no Higher Power,”
To think so is moronic!”
“Really, your belief in a God,
And Commandments carved in stone,
Just proves you are illogical,
And can’t think on your own!” “”
The Robber thought for just a skosh,
BANG BANG ! his victim’s pistol went.
There lay the robber.
Guess he lost the argument!
Black kids have been accused of a crime by a privileged white guy. And they don’t get to defend themselves because the accuser has the “noblesse oblige” to “let it go”. Charming.
Jane:
It’s not a euphemism – peace operations is a technical term. Try googling it. Different organizations will provide you various definitions with the same theme. Peace operations simply is the technically correct categorization for the US mission in post-Saddam Iraq.
This is the Department of Defense definition of peace operations:
This is how I defined peace operations in one of my college writings:
Jane:
I do sympathize with your worldview because I thought like that when I was a child. When I joined the Army, I didn’t do so out of patriotism. Nothing about me personally nor my politics said soldier. While my motivation was not quite the ‘poverty draft’ stereotype, enlisting was an urgent, if not yet desperate, economic decision.
This is how naive I was: When I was given orders for Korea as my 1st duty station, I believed I was going there as a predatory American occupier like your caricature upthread.
Then I actually served as a US soldier in Korea. It was a wake-up call. The lightbulb moment was my introduction to our top-secret go-to-war plans. Contrary to my expectation beforehand, all my experience in Korea had shown that I really was there to defend South Korea in case of a north Korean attack. Just like the brochure said. I thought, if there was a hidden purpose in the US mission in Korea, it would have to be in the go-to-war plans. Except there was no hidden purpose there. The go-to-war plans entirely matched my training: the US Army and I were in South Korea to defend the country in case of a north Korean attack. In fact, the go-to-war plans strongly implied that our real purpose was to absorb the 1st full-strength nK artillery barrage and blunt the 1st full-strength nK assault – not stop it, most likely – in order to buy (hopefully) enough time to, one, evacuate the Korean civilian population clustered around Seoul – including the Koreans who participated in the weekly protests outside US bases – and, two, for US-led UN forces coming from Japan and elsewhere to muster for the defense and counter-attack. I found out what the “speed bump” joke was about. How long we held out until we died would decide how many Koreans survived the 1st assault wave and whether our side would have enough time and space to rally to hold onto South Korea.
Should Korean lives be paid for with American soldiers’ lives like mine? I don’t know. But I knew my mission was the same mission as for the American soldiers who died to turn back the north Koreans and Red Chinese 1950-1953, passed down to me over the decades.
Should Iraqi lives be paid for with American soldiers’ lives? I don’t know that, either, but I understood the nature of their mission. And I understand American soldiers have not “killed hundred of thousands of Iraqi civilians and made homeless more”. That’s our enemies’ doing, and up to 2011, American soldiers were doing their best with peace operations in Iraq to stop our enemies’ atrocities and save Iraqi lives, even at the cost of American soldiers’ lives.
Bob White: “If Georgetown was an affluent black neighborhood, I’m sure the same robbery would have taken place, but the victim would have been black.”
Friedfeld’s attitude is most damaging to the people who most likely are easiest for his muggers to prey on: poor and lower middle-class people.
I’ve worked as a crime-victim advocate. Friedfeld’s view on the matter does no favors to vulnerable people in our society.
This kid is a fool. The two *cough* “youths” who held him up do not care about his political affiliation or his privileges or anything of the sort. If they raped his girlfriend in front of him would that be permissible too because privilege?
The definition of nature is things killing other things. In the animal world you keep only what you can violently defend or steal. Those are the rules and those are the rules “youths” play by. Human rules were developed by white men so that our society can spend time developing technology rather than constantly defending our homes against each other. Blacks have *no* history of this and Africa is one long story of violence, rape, theft, and murder. They behave and adhere to the laws of the jungle so appealing to this is the only effective way to deal with them.
The proper response to jaboonery is immediate horrific counter violence that is gruesome and cruel in the extreme. Up until the 1950’s blacks were afraid of whites and for good reason and rates of crime were much much less. NOw whites are afraid of blacks and society is dying. So that’s your choice – stop cow towing to the blacks and violently put them down or accept that you are going to have to tolerate them raping / stealing / killing 24×7 because that is what they do. Want to stop this without mass concentration camps and ethnic cleansing? Ok…
Place the severed toothless heads of the “youths” along with a bag of their broken teeth at the corner of Malcom X Blvd and Martin Luther King Jr. Street. Let the “youths” know exactly and precisely what happens if they engage in jaboonery. Make note that the teeth were removed *before* the “youth” had his head chopped off. This is the *only* way to deal with animals. Political theories and white guilt only make them think you are weak and encourage them to prey on others. In the end your choice is to live with their violence until you society becomes Somalia with its daily terrors, sod huts, living in filth, and the complete destruction of human progress -OR- finally put down and make an example of those who are attacking you. People used to understand this and they will again whether they want too or not. Sadly, this incident wasn’t clockwork orange enough for this weak douche bag to see the truth. I guess he’ll have to live through a Newsom and Channon incident before the light switch finally comes on. Maybe he’ll figure it out when the last words he hears and the last thing he sees is his lovely girlfriend screaming in pain while being gang raped by a bunch of “under privileged victims”. Of course by then its too late isn’t it?
Idiot…
p.s. Please stop drinking the Kool-Aid.
Yes, Eric, it has all been “US-led peace-keeping operations”, keep telling that to yourself, wherever we invade with our weaponry and nice soldiers we are only trying to ennoble and help. I get it now, you were a soldier, and must be you are seeking to assuage your guilt at being a part of America’s “global peacekeping operations”. How else to explain such denial? As the old English proverb goes, “With friends like these who needs enemies?”
I wish you well. Au revoir.
http://www.theguardian.com/gall/0,8542,1211872,00.html
99guspuppet: “complete with flag waving , jingoism and amygdala-driven filtering.”
President John Kennedy, 1961:
President Bill Clinton, 1998:
President George W. Bush, 2004:
President Bill Clinton, 1998:
Bush said (from your post) :In the short-term, we will work with every government in the Middle East dedicated to destroying the terrorist networks” How was saying Bin Laden did not interest him and not going after him square with destroying terrorist networks.?
http://www.businessinsider.com/schultz-bin-laden-bush-msnbc-video-2011-5
and in his own words ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PGmnz5Ow-o
(I believe I responded to you upthread, when we go to war, we go in the name of all Americans therefore yes, when it was a lie into which we were lied, your persistence otherwise notwithstanding, that was done in my name, which makes it imperative for some to rationalize that war.
Since only 2 links per post another one (or 2 to follow)
Jane: “these atrocities ARE being done in our name”
Like I asked to leejcarroll, how do you figure that Saddam loyalists and Qutbist terrorists have been doing atrocities in our name?
Jane:
Stigmatizing military and State Department (embassy) infrastructure for the US-led peace operations in post-Saddam Iraq is like stigmatizing surgeries for a hospital or classrooms for a school.
You need only observe the precedents of the US-led peace operations of the 20th century, including Germany, Japan, and Korea following World War 2, to understand that robust, long-term military and State Department infrastructure was a necessary, intrinsic feature for an effective “multinational force under unified command to take all necessary measures to contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq, including for the purpose of ensuring necessary conditions for the implementation of the timetable and programme as well as to contribute to the security of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, the Governing Council of Iraq and other institutions of the Iraqi interim administration, and key humanitarian and economic infrastructure” (UNSC Resolution 1511, 2003).
Now, I understand that I know this about Iraq because I served as a US soldier in a similar US-led, UN-mandated mission protecting South Korea. We had military bases and an embassy, too. I guess we could have lived and worked out of tents in the field for decades, but I’m rather glad the Army built bases with barracks before I was assigned the duty. I’m guessing you haven’t had a similar experience to share the perspective.
Jane:
US strategy, even in the 2003 regime change preceding peace operations, has been to minimize civilian casualties. Unfortunately, Saddam loyalist – regime and insurgency – strategy and Qutbist terrorist strategy has been to maximize civilian casualties.
Common sense is the solution for reducing Iraqi civilian casualties is to neutralize the actors whose strategy is to maximize civilian casualties. Logically, empowering the competitive actors with a civilian-casualty-maximizing strategy by withdrawing the most effective actor with a civilian-casualty-minimizing strategy would not reduce civilian casualties in Iraq – and tragically, it hasn’t.
Jane:
To be fair, Saddam’s civil society did happen to be characterized by “systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law by the Government of Iraq, resulting in an all-pervasive repression and oppression sustained by broad-based discrimination and widespread terror” (UN Commission on Human Rights) which was in material breach of UNSCR 688’s “Demands that Iraq, as a contribution to remove the threat to international peace and security in the region, immediately end this repression”.
Under international law, sovereign status is a legal protection but it is not a blanket legal immunity from war. Basically, under international law, war is permitted in defense and by UN authorization.
The US-led enforcement of UN mandates with Iraq was conducted with UN authorization, UNSCR 678.
UNSCR 678, adopted on November 29, 1990, states, “Determined to secure full compliance with its decisions, Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, … Authorizes Member States … to use all necessary means to uphold and implement resolution 660 (1990) and all subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and security in the area.”
Jane:
I disagree. The ‘blowback’ was calculated correctly: in 2010-2011. President Obama was warned clearly and often of the danger of prematurely withdrawing the US-led peace operations from Iraq. But he did it, anyway. Obama’s errors not only with Iraq, but also Libya, Syria, etc, have been obvious, elementary. and catastrophic. Worse, as the warned-of danger manifested in Iraq, Obama then refused to return to help Iraq as the ISIS attacks escalated in 2013 into 2014.
The proximate causes of the current crisis in Iraq are, one, the construction of ISIS in Syria that combined with, two, the U.S.-abandoned vulnerability of Iraq. Both conditions arose from post-Bush events, such as the degeneration of the Arab Spring, that are related to policy course changes made by President Obama that fundamentally deviated from President Bush’s traditionally liberal foreign policy.
President Obama was wrong to leave Iraq prematurely. Just as in Europe and Asia for the long term following WW2, America’s protection was needed for the continued progression of Iraq’s pluralistic liberal reform and constructive role in the Middle East and the welfare of the Iraqi people. Instead, the feared danger of Obama’s feckless ‘lead from behind’ approach to the Arab Spring and irresponsible exit from Iraq is being realized.
Try viewing Ray Liotta ( 6 seconds into video ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUf-WOeVQyI
” It’s not what you say …… It’s what you do ”
There is a lot of talk and a lot of writing about what happens in the world and what is planned for the world. All that matters is what actually happens ….. not some Orwellian description of what happened … complete with flag waving , jingoism and amygdala-driven filtering.