Bizarre, Constitutional Law, Free Speech, Media, Politics, Society

“Free Speech Is Being Weaponized”: Columbia Dean and New Yorker Writer Calls For More Censorship

We have been discussing how reporters, editors, commentators, and academics have embraced rising calls for censorship and speech controls, including President-elect Joe Biden and key advisers.  This includes academics rejecting the very concept of objectivity in journalism in favor of open advocacy. Now, Columbia Journalism Dean and New Yorker writer Steve Coll has denounced how the First Amendment right to freedom of speech was being “weaponized” to protect disinformation. That’s right. A journalism dean and writer declaring that the problem is that free speech itself is allowing too much freedom on the Internet and other forums.

Coll’s comments came in a discussion on MSNBC’s “Morning Joe” when he was asked by Kasie Hunt about the need for Big Tech to censor speech. Rather than defend the right of people to express themselves freely, Coll lashed out at companies like Facebook as “motivated, as all companies are, to make money” though at the same time is “acting like a public square.”  He decried the failure to have more expansive regulation of free speech and showed little concern or merit for arguments from free speech advocates.  Like Harvard academics who recently declared “China was right” about censorship, Coll just assumed that it was self-evident that too much free speech is a bad thing and that these companies need to protect people from harmful or false ideas.

“And yes, Facebook has moved somewhat. They’ve had a better election in 2020 than they did in 2016. They’ve learned to put some brakes on, you know, here and there, but you can’t get away from the fact that their mission is to connect everybody in the world. That’s what motivates Mark Zuckerberg and it’s his passion and he profoundly believes in free speech.”

What is most maddening is that Coll spoke on behalf of journalists in calling for less freedom:

“Those of us in journalism have to come to terms with the fact that free speech, a principle that we hold sacred, is being weaponized against the principle of journalism and what do we do about that,. As reporters, we kind of march into this war with our facts nobly shouldered as if they were going to win the day and what we’re seeing that is because of the scale of this alternative reality that you’ve been talking about, our facts, our principles, our scientific method–it isn’t enough. So what do we do?”

That used to be an easy question. What you do is allow free speech to combat bad speech. What you do is support the right of citizens and journalists to publish without censorship.  What you do is to embrace the freedom of expression while reinforcing the need to use that freedom to counter disinformation.  Instead, Coll is joining the forces seeking to silence or curtail the speech of others.  You do not support free speech by calling for its curtailment. For free speech advocates, it is as compelling as saying that we needed to “save” villages by destroying them in Vietnam. Worse yet, he is doing it in the names of “good journalism.”

265 thoughts on ““Free Speech Is Being Weaponized”: Columbia Dean and New Yorker Writer Calls For More Censorship”

  1. Coll has written extensively on CIA operations related to 9/11. He must have significant CIA engagement. What is his explanation for the mainstream media’s mishandling of the obvious controlled demolition of the Twin Towers and WTC7? This mishandling remains the most catastrophic weaponization of “free speech” in the history of the new millennium.

    Government disinformation leads to Hell. True speech leads to Heaven. Intelligence is government by true speech.

    US Intelligence cannot prevent the United Nations from collapsing into Hell on Earth without support for 9/11 Truth and Reconciliation:

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0304375419898334

    President Trump and DNI Ratcliffe still have an opportunity to set the record straight.

    1. billionaires wanted that too

      they’re the enemy. the operators out there doing the dirty are just mercenaries

      refusing to pay taxes is a form of nonviolent resistance that is not only feasible, low risk but also which is now an a moral imperative

      Saloth Sar

    2. What is his explanation for the mainstream media’s mishandling of the obvious controlled demolition of the Twin Towers and WTC7?

      I can’t figure out if this is a troll or not.

    3. Jonathan,

      You believe conspiracy theories about “controlled demolition of the Twin Towers and WTC7”? If so (if I didn’t misunderstand your comment), I’m sorry to hear that.

    4. “Controlled demolition”, what nonsense. I guess no whacko conspiracy theory is really dead as long as it has one whacko believer left.

  2. Hey leftist idiots, guess what the best defense against free speech is – it’s called IGNORING.

    I do it to you brainhumped morons all the time. And it works great! Everybody’s happy!

    But that’s the crux of the matter isn’t it. Leftists are so unbelievably miserable, they can’t bear to let other people be happy. Pathetic.

          1. It’s not a misspelling. It’s a stenographic or typographic mistake. The fact that you presume someone doesn’t know the difference says a lot about the company you keep.

            1. It’s a misspelling, William. She’s not engaged in stenography, strange that you introduce that.

              1. No, it’s not a misspellimng in the sense you mean, you craven moron. It’s a mistake made for reasons other than an inability to spell.

                1. Stenography is taking shorthand and transcribing shorthand notes. No, it’s not stenography.

                  Whenever a word isn’t spelled correctly, it’s a misspelling.

                  You can look these words up in a dictionary if you need, “you craven moron.”

                2. William and anonymous I am here to mediate this type of thing. The word “your” is frequently typed instead of “you’re”. It’s an error that low level secretaries are taught not to make. Higher level people that don’t check their work over sometimes type the wrong word. For instance one could have typed “I am hear” instead of what was typed.

                  Does that mean ignorance? No. It is a typical error on this type of list.

                  On the other hand low level IQ types that wish to prove their IQ above 100 when it isn’t take note of these insignificant errors and try to make themselves look smart by being stupid. Emma or em made a mistake. Anonymous, stupid as he is, thought he could shine by pointing the error out but all he did was make himself look stupid, foolish and craven.

                  Em or emma probably forgot about the incident and went out for an expensive dinner sitting outside the restaurant away from people. This stupid anonymous probably went home to sit in the bathroom thinking about his conquest and doing the only thing he had money to do.

        2. ChiCom Anon!

          “You’re” much?

          How’s Pooh Bear doing? I bet he really misses Tigger.

  4. https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/23/5-more-ways-joe-biden-magically-outperformed-election-norms/

    massive vote fraud happened. now they are covering it up. do not look to the corrupt judiciary nor the weak and ineffective political parties, for relief

    deny them your taxes, the only tool you have that will work, nonviolent peaceful resistance, it is right and necessary and if you pay your taxes now then you are a slave, and you are complicit in all the wrongdoing done in the name of the United States, worldwide, most of all against us the workers here at home, ever more sick and impoverished as 700 billionaires get richer than ever

    #TAXPROTEST2020

    #TAXRESISTANCE

    Saloth Sar

  5. As a newspaper reporter of 25 years, I can assure you that this bonehead doesn’t speak for all of us. Although, an uncomfortable number of journalists DO seem to be embracing the trend, and the rest of us are regarded as hateful relics for resisting it. I frankly don’t understand how anyone can call himself a journalist and then speak for any type of speech restrictions in the same breath. I’d like to see some counter arguments from his colleagues. I’ll start holding my breath… now.

  6. “IMPOSSIBLE” = ONE IN ONE QUADRILLION
    ___________________________________

    EXPERT: The Odds of Biden Overcoming Trump’s Lead in the Four Swing States Was ‘Less Than One in a Quadrillion’

    State of Texas v. Pennsylvania, et. al.:

    “Expert analysis using a commonly accepted statistical test further raises serious questions as to the integrity of this election.”

    “The probability of former Vice President Biden winning the popular vote in the four Defendant States—Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—independently given President Trump’s early lead in those

    States as of 3 a.m. on November 4, 2020, is less than one in a quadrillion, or 1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000.”

    1. Obama and his co-conspirators in the ongoing Obama Coup D’etat in America took that bet because they knew they had the “thumb drives.”
      _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

      Now in its final phase, the Obama Coup D’etat in America is the most egregious abuse of power and the most prodigious crime in American political history.

      The co-conspirators are:

      Kevin Clinesmith, Bill Taylor, Eric Ciaramella, Rosenstein, Mueller/Team, Andrew Weissmann,

      James Comey, Christopher Wray, McCabe, Strozk, Page, Laycock, Kadzic,

      Sally Yates, James Baker, Bruce Ohr, Nellie Ohr, Priestap, Kortan, Campbell,

      Sir Richard Dearlove, Christopher Steele, Simpson, Joseph Mifsud,

      Alexander Downer, Stefan “The Walrus” Halper, Azra Turk, Kerry, Hillary,

      Huma, Mills, Brennan, Gina Haspel, Clapper, Lerner, Farkas, Power, Lynch,

      Rice, Jarrett, Holder, Brazile, Sessions (patsy), Nadler, Schiff, Pelosi, Obama,

      Joe Biden, James E. Boasberg et al.

      1. all very true but they will never be convicted or even tried in court but I will go to jail if I fail to pay one dime they say I owe in state and federal taxes.

      1. Oh, yeah! You nuked it. Yep. But the incoherence makes my simple head hurt:

        The inscrutable Comrade David Post, of the Washington Post, is affiliated with CATO?

        Is he a wolf in sheep’s clothing or a sheep in wolf’s clothing?

        He’s funded by Koch but no one is sure which side Koch is on.

        I know, Post is a hired gun, right? Am I right? I’m right, aren’t I?

        Dang!
        _____

        “We’ll know our disinformation program is complete when everything the American public believes is false.”

        – William Casey, CIA Director 1981-1987

      2. “SCOTUS isn’t going to accept the case.”
        _________________________________

        So the Deep Deep State Obama Coup D’etat in America forces of corruption reach all the way to the Supreme Court?

        Who’da thunk it? But then again, Roberts has been a “dead giveaway,” hasn’t he?
        _________________________________________________________________

        “We will stop him.”

        – Peter Strzok to FBI paramour Lisa Page
        —————————————————-

        “[Obama] wants to know everything we’re doing.”

        – Lisa Page to FBI paramour Peter Strzok

  8. “Japan to Launch A.I. ‘Marriage Hunting’ to Stop Birth Rate Collapse”

    Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide is planning to invest $19 million in the next fiscal year into “programs to help [Japan’s] residents find love,” an unnamed Cabinet official told the Japan Times this week, in an attempt to slow the nation’s rapidly declining birth rate.

    – Frances Martel
    ______________

    The American fertility rate has been in a “death spiral” for decades. More Americans die than are born. Americans will be extinct in America in 100 years.

    Women vote. Women abort babies. Women assume the roles of men. America imports its population.

    What’s wrong with this picture?

    1. It’s because folks do not want their kids raised in a secular,Godless,socialist/communist country…DO YOU!!!

    2. How many kids do YOU have George? Are you doing your part to keep the US birth rate up?

      1. I fully accept your concession.

        Thank you so much.

        Your absurd subject evasion and ad hominem irrefutably prove your impotence and insufficiency. Are you obtuse or merely attempting feckless deflection?

        1. LMAO that you complain about “the American fertility rate” and then call it evasive when I ask you about your contribution to that fertility rate.

          Are you obtuse or merely attempting feckless deflection?

          1. And, of course, my post began with a discussion of a national issue in Japan and logically proceeded to the same discussion related to this country.

            The Japanese want to perpetuate their country, culture and population, and you illogically and incoherently find that disagreeable (unless you are odd or different – are you odd or different?).

            Do you have a family and retain a home as shelter and sanctuary for your family, or are the doors open to the public, the homeless perhaps?

            What is your bias, the deleterious mass importation of foreigners and the extinction of America and Americans?

            Why do you hate America and Americans?

            That’s the underlying question – why do you communists (liberals, progressives, socialists, democrats, RINOs) hate America?

            Why are you the mortal enemy of America?

            What has been the lot of enemies historically?

            Once again, thank you for your concession.

            1. My guess is that you’re involuntarily celibate. What woman would accept a misogynist like you?

              I concede nothing to you.

    3. Your logic.

      The vote isn’t the problem. Women aren’t the problem.

      Plenty of men don’t want to get married or support the kids they do help bring into the world or raise a big family and are afraid of over-population.

      How about anti-human and anti-life ideologies being the problem.

  9. I live now in South Carolina. I talk to folks everyday who moved here for ONE reason politics and hopefully freedom for themselves and their kids. Just listen to the black woman congresswoman Cynthia Johnson from Detroit who says all Trump supporters will be round up and put in jail. Does that sound like America to you? Sounds like cattle being led to slaughter. Well don’t forget we have a ton of guns and ammo. This not going to end well. We move closer to all out war everyday.

  10. Nullify the Constitution – Abrogate Freedom of Speech – Orders From China

    The B—- Is Back!
    ______________

    “MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE”

    YouTube Will Remove Videos Questioning Biden Election Victory… Even as Legal Challenges Continue

    Google-owned Youtube CEO Susan Wojcicki

    Google-owned video platform YouTube has announced plans to remove any content that questions Joe Biden’s victory in the 2020 U.S. presidential election despite the fact that legal challenges involving multiple

    states continue. YouTube also announced it will be promoting “authoritative news sources,” such as NBC and CBS in video recommendations.

    – Breitbart
    _________

    I am beginning to understand why the American Founders never intended for women to vote.

  11. Academics and the elitists also pushed for more government power and censorship in previous Leftist dictatorships. Trust me, I’m a professor/doctor/learned person. They believe they will be in power, and can then force the stupid masses to do what they think is right.

    We all know how this story ends. No civilization has ever lasted indefinitely. It’s heartbreaking to see our own be destroyed from within. Once the Left seized control of the K-grad school education industry, and the media, the country was doomed. The Left now has the power of indoctrination, and control over information voters are able to access. Taking over social media, search engines, and the government alphabet soup was almost superfluous. People have been brainwashed that freedom, like freedom of speech, is bad, people who dissent from Democrats are bad, and that everyone must use whatever position of authority they have, whether it’s a first grade teacher or an FBI agent, to fight Republicans.

    We are so stupid to let our individual freedoms go. The call to fight was actually 50 years ago, when the Left first started getting Democrat politics into the classroom.

    Identity politics was designed to divide the country, putting us into groups pitted against each other, and making everyone a victim only Democrats could save. Stay on the nice plantation where master will take care of you.

    Everyone read Animal Farm, Fahrenheit 451, and 1984, and watch The Purge. These are the prerequisites for the syllabus for the class, Surviving and Preparing for the Democrat Hegemony of the US.

    1. Well said, Karen. The average great power has a run of about 240 years before national suicide sets in. I had hoped we would beat the averages, but I guess not. I feel tremendous sympathy for the good patriots who don’t deserve what’s coming.

      1. Diogenes,
        I’m not confident whatever is going on in 2020 could be construed as inching toward ‘national suicide’. Are someone’s trying to suicide us? For whatever it might be worth, gonna do my part to try to get the trolley back on track.

    2. Well said, Karen.

      “The call to fight was actually 50 years ago, when the Left first started getting Democrat politics into the classroom.”

      Sadly, some of the craziness began even earlier…gotta just educate people for skills of the future, ya know, not to be fully functioning citizens of a country governed of, by, and for the people.

  12. Free speech is not needed to talk about butterflies and rainbows. It is needed to allow for speech with which you may not agree.
    A journalist should know better than anyone.

    1. Gandhi advocated tax resistance against the British salt taxes. He specified the aim of his effort. What is your aim?

      1. To shorten up federal tax receipts, to deprive the immoral billionaire controlled federal regime of its funds, and also to thereby raise the risk premium on federal borrowing, which will increase the price of its borrowed money, and to thus accelerate the day of its likely inevitable default, thereby hamstringing the beast from continuing to harm us and enrich the plutocracy as it has down so badly in 2020

        The control of the US by billionaires and the corrupt bureaucracies including the Federal Reserve is now so painful and obvious that the time for tax resistance to this horrible regime has come before they destroy the people. Mark my words, without dramatic action, if you thought 2020 was bad, 2021 will be worse. There is hope in stopping them from borrowing ever more in the name of the taxpayers and corruptly transferring it to the billionaires if we, the workers, simply refuse to pay.

        Saloth Sar

        https://podcasts.apple.com/cy/podcast/inequality-is-costing-workers-%2450-trillion-carter-price/id1445901378?i=1000491298463&l=el

        “Yesterday, a groundbreaking study by the RAND Corporation put the first-ever price tag on how much income inequality costs American workers. The bill? $50 trillion. You read that right: $50 trillion has been diverted from working Americans to the wealthiest 1% since 1975. To make sense of this staggering number, Nick and Goldy are joined by mathematician Carter Price, the study’s co-author. “

        1. in short, to protect the American people from further harm at the hands of the billionaire controlled regime which oppresses us, by destroying their unique historical advantage, the ability to conjure up trillions in borrowed and inflated money because the US$ is the world’s reserve currency, an outrageous privilege that our masters have abused, to harm us, to weaken and enslave us, to make us sicker and poorer and less able to reserve their further schemes to destroy us

          if 2020 and all its outrageous tyranny and illegal and unethical social engineering does not convince you that they are trying to destroy us, then nothing will. this is purely a matter of collective self defense at this point.

          in previous months I also demonstrated how the idea of a “carbone net neutral economy,” the goal of the Davos boys, ie the billionaires, can’t physically be achieved without a global reduction in population counted in the billions, a massive decline in energy consumption by the west, or to be more precise, both. that is their plan and lockdowns were a way to start achieving it, a more deadly engineered virus to come will be another scheme that now is easily foreseen

          Hear if from an MIT professor, what must be done to achieve their desire of a carbon net neutral economy:

          https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzT4EwaHl0w

          he doesnt want to “be callous about it” but the fear is not people dying “the people not dying is a bigger problem than people dying”

          Did you catch that? I didn’t make that up. That guy is an MIT physics professor!

          they are literally wanting untold numbers of people to die off because they believe that overpopulation is itself an “existential threat to our existence”

          i remember decades ago a cranky old man was haranguing me about the “depopulation agenda.” I thought he was full of bunk and conspiracy theories. now i realize– this is not a conspiracy, the agenda is all out in the open. it is hard to believe because the implications are so horrifying.

          billionaires are the enemy of the people. we have to resist. the easiest and most feasible way now is resist by not paying taxes,.

          Saloth Sar

          1. of course not. RAND is close to the government. It has for decades served them closely in many ways.

            Yet I take the study from RAND as accurate however, that income inequality is getting shamefully worse. and I understand that because of the way things work. there is no other way out than through the billionaires. and the chink in their armor is this: the historically unique ability of the United States to borrow seemingly unlimited amounts of money to expand its social programs, military and intelligence reach, and financial empires.

            All of which are, at the highest level, owned by implicitly if not explicitly, by the billionaires, and we are their serfs

            Our only opportunity to rid ourselves of their tyranny is hit them in the pocketbook. No mere boycott of amazon or twitter would do the trick. Only a boycott of TAXES

            I realize many billionaire bootlickers and sycophants and Hillary factions Democrat cheerleaders think everything is peachy now that Biden is on his way into office. We disagree

            Trump was an expected result for everyone, but his daring moves against globalism have come up short. It’s been an entirely fair criticism of him that he coddled the plutocracy overmuch. He did oppose it but meekly. No, the daring opposition will only come from the people the workers and the middle class, when we finally have had enough.

            After all the harmful needless lockdowns, the social media censorship, the pitiful “relief” from government in response to government’s own needless excessive COVID measures, the voter fraud, and now the deployment of the insufficiently tested vaccine, the necessity of collective self defense against the billionaires and their lackeys in government is clear. It is moral and it is timely. And as it is nonviolent it is morally licit and its likely effect will be good. The powers that be have abused their exhorbitant privileges and must be removed and the system deeply reformed. This will all only become possible if the US loses its ability to finance its profligate schemes and adventures and the billionaires feel their pocketbooks drained.

            We can make it happen and we have little to lose and much to gain.

            Saloth Sar

  14. Well Jon, that is the position of your political party. Democrats haven’t forgotten why the First Amendment was adopted, they just want to ignore it or overturn it. As for Facebook and Twitter, they are commercial establishments and they do have a right to advocate their own positions, just as newspapers and the broadcast media do. That’s why Parler was set up.

  15. “TREASON…SHALL CONSIST…IN ADHERING TO THEIR ENEMIES, GIVING THEM AID AND COMFORT.”

    CHINA IS THE ENEMY and Rep. Eric Swalwell, Joe and Hunter Biden, Kamala Harris, the democrats, the National Basketball Association, Google, Facebook, Twitter, the CIA, the FBI, American universities et al.

    have all been demonstrably committing treason, per the Constitution, by “…adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.”
    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

    “FBI: Communist China Spy Infiltrated California Politicians, Including Russia Hoaxer Eric Swalwell”

    A Chinese spy cultivated deep connections with U.S. Democratic politicians for years, including with Rep. Eric Swalwell of California, to send political intelligence and personal information back to communist China, according to reporting by Axios.

    – The Federalist
    _____________

    “Email reportedly sent from Biden’s brother to Hunter references Kamala Harris”

    An email sent 5/15/17 by Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden’s brother Jim to Hunter Biden and others regarding a potential business venture with a now-bankrupt Chinese conglomerate included the name of Biden’s vice presidential running mate, Sen. Kamala Harris, according to a report.

    In the correspondence, Jim Biden shares a list of “key domestic contacts for phase one target projects” for the venture with CEFC China Energy Co.

    The list included prominent Democratic names such as Sens. Harris of California.

    – New York Post
    _____________

    “China Threatens War Over New Taiwan Independence Proposal: State Media”

    “China on Wednesday levied new threats at Taiwan and appears poised to escalate its military efforts to bring to heel what it considers a renegade province, following an attempt by the island nation’s opposition party to bring it into closer cooperation with the U.S.”

    – U.S. New & World Report
    _____________________

    Article 3, Section 3

    Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

      1. For once, I agree with my favorite sophist / troll / hacker. At least I agree with this version of him.

  16. The last paragraph consciously or unconsciously, and it matters not which, echoes John Milton’s Areopagitica. Why are we having to repeat folly and ignorant buffoons?

  17. YouTube is now censoring and removing any content it deems “misleading” around the 2020 Election. YouTube is protecting Joe Biden. They are trying to install a corrupt senile old man as president. They are trying to ram it down our throats that we are to capitulate and quietly accept the results of a fraudulent election. Newsflash: We will not capitulate. Do not concede a stolen election.

    1. they censor science about the covid, they censore science about the risks of the insufficiently tested vaccine, now they censor the news of the election fraud

      we must now do the one nonviolent thing that we still can which will have a prompt effect.

      DENY them TAXES. by any means necessary

      Saloth Sar

    2. Anonymous, how did Trump lose to a “senile old man’?? That doesn’t say much for Trump.

        1. big difference in free honest elections and stolen elections. How would you feel if your house,car,money,job,kids were stolen???

  18. “Free Speech Is Being Weaponized”: Columbia Dean and New Yorker Writer Calls For More Censorship
    __________________________________________________________________________________

    So says China through its network of intelligence operatives permeating the American university system.

  19. This is a real life example of what intelligence is without wisdom.

    Truth bombs hurt.

  20. “What you do is support the right of citizens and journalists to publish without censorship. What you do is to embrace the freedom of expression while reinforcing the need to use that freedom to counter disinformation.”

    The problem with this “fight disinformation with true information” is that it costs much more time, effort, skill, connections and money to pry out the whole truth in a world of concealed agendas and half-truths. By comparison, concocting simplistic “narratives” based on imagination and fantasy is cheap, fast, lower-skill and not needing a network of trusted people connections. Every advantage is awarded to the propagandist-infowarrior. The infowarrior who is uninformed and self-righteous (operating from ignorant bliss) sees his mission as the moral equivalent or superior to the standards-based journalist bogged down in a more disciplined process.

    Government censorship is not the solution — the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a disaster we don’t want to repeat.

    But, individuals and groups should be able to challenge each other using torts and local ordinances to uphold standards of public civility and decorum. Torts only involves the government as neutral arbiter — it is a mistake to interpret the 1st Amendment as disallowing government to act as neutral arbiter in refereeing cases of defamation and personal threat. When such torts cases are resolved in favor of restraining speech, it is NOT the government doing the restraining — it is the litigant who prevailed.

    We are losing control over the infosphere — it is becoming a babble of infowarfare where truth is drowned out or never to be uncovered.

    JT, it is foolish to auger that truth-seekers can gain the upper hand over infowarriors with your broad, undisciplined and over-expansive notion of “free speech”. You’ve spent thousands of hours in Court proceedings — and thus understand how structured are the rules of evidence and query-oration, and how a powerful referee is required — to mediate the search for truth is a high-stakes conflict.

    We need more use of torts like the Nick Sandmann judgment. We need a case brought to maturity that will retest Sullivan.

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